Polymyalgia rheumatica:

Polymyalgia rheumatica (PMR) is an inflammatory rheumatic disease clinically characterized by pain and morning stiffness in the shoulders, hips and neck. it may be associated with giant cell (temporal) arteritis (GCA); the two disorders may be different manifestations of a shared disease process.

In addition to the common clinical association between PMR and giant cell (temporal) arteritis (GCA), there are pathogenic similarities. Both PMR and GCA are associated with specific alleles of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DR4. There is also a sequence polymorphism within the hypervariable region of the HLA-DRB1 gene that maps to the antigen-binding cleft of the HLA-DR molecules, suggesting an important role for antigen selection and presentation. Patients with GCA and MPR share this sequence polymorphism, which is not found in Patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

The term polymyalgia rheumatica implies a myopathic process, but the muscle in PMR is histopathologically normal. it is in fact the proximal articular and periarticular structures (joints, bursae, and tendons) that are mainly affected in PMR, as has been demonstrated by scintigraphy, ultrasonography, MRI, and PET scan.

What is polymyalgia rheumatica? Polymyalgia rheumatica is a disorder that causes muscle pain and joint stiffness. It is considered to be an immune-mediated disease, meaning that the immune system attacks our own body. It is important to note that although “myalgia” means muscle pain, the muscles are usually spared and it’s the tissue around the joints that mostly gets inflamed.

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