Immunology – Interleukin 1 (IL1) physiology and IL1 antagonist pharmacology

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“There are many IL1 cytokines but the most well known is IL1B. IL1B is normally produced by cells during inflammation in an immature form, requiring caspase 1 to activate it. IL1B is a potent inflammatory cytokine produced by the immune cells notably the innate immune system and epithelial cells during a stimulus such as inflammation or infection. IL1B increases adhesion molecules expression on vessels, promotes diapedesis, it is a pyrogen and stimulates fibroblast activity.

IL1B is thus an attractive target for pharmacological agents.

Anakinra is a IL1B receptor antagonist. Canakinumab is a monoclonal antibody which binds to IL1B cytokine, preventing its effect on cells. These are used in inflammatory disease including rheumatoid arthritis”

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