Horner Syndrome – anatomy, causes, pathophysiology, investigation

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“Horners syndrome is a classic neurologic syndrome with three distinct clinic signs on one side of the face: ptosis (dropping of eyelid), miosis (constriction of pupil) and anhydrosis (no sweating).

Horner syndrome can result from a lesion anywhere along a three-neuron sympathetic (adrenergic) pathway that originates in the hypothalamus.

The aetiology of Horner syndrome in adults relates to the lesion location. 40 percent of cases of Horner syndrome the diagnosis is unknown. Majority is caused by lesions in the second or third order neurons.”

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